《分析試驗室》2024年2月第43卷第2期中英文摘要
等離激元促進光電化學生物傳感
馮真真1，樊謹菘1，張培*1，2，李昆*1
（1. 化學生物傳感與計量學國家重點實驗室，湖南大學化學化工學院，長沙410082；2. 江西省有機功能分子重點實驗室，江西科技師范大學，南昌330013）
摘要：光電化學傳感技術具有優異的分析性能，在分析化學領域發展迅速。其中，光電活性材料的選擇和合理設計對于實現高效的光電化學傳感至關重要。貴金屬納米顆粒具有局域表面等離激元共振效應的優異光響應性質，已在光電化學傳感領域得到了越來越多的應用。本文介紹了等離激元金屬納米材料在光電化學中的傳感機制，分別總結了等離激元金屬納米材料直接和間接應用于光電化學傳感的研究進展。最后，對等離激元金屬納米材料用于光電化學傳感的發展前景進行了展望。
關鍵詞：等離激元納米材料；光電化學；生物傳感
中圖分類號：O657.1；O657.3 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2024）02-0149-12
Plasmon-boosted photoelectrochemical biosensing
FENG Zhenzhen1，FAN Jinsong1，ZHANG Pei*1，2，LI Kun*1
（1. State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics，College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Hunan University，Changsha 410082，China；2. Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province，Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University，Nanchang 330013，China）
Abstract：Photoelectrochemical sensing technology is developing rapidly in the field of analytical chemistry due to its excellent analytical performance，and the selection and reasonable design of photoelectroactive materials are of great importance for the realization of efficient photoelectrochemical sensing. Noble metal nanoparticles，with the remarkable optical property of localized surface plasmon resonance effect，have been increasingly used in the field of photoelectrochemical sensing.In this review，the sensing mechanism of plasmonic metal nanomaterials in photoelectrochemistry is firstly introduced，and the research progress of plasmonic metal nanomaterials for direct and indirect applications in photoelectrochemical sensing is summarized. Finally，the prospect of the development of plasmonic metal nanomaterials for photoelectrochemical sensing is presented.
Keywords：plasmonic nanomaterials；photoelectrochemistry；biosensing
自供電光電化學傳感在食品安全快速檢測中的研究進展
張曉藝1，王小敏2，白寶清1，尉立剛1，張錦華1，郭彩霞1，楊鈺昆*1
（1. 山西大學生命科學學院，太原 030006；2. 山西中醫藥大學中藥與食品工程學院，晉中 030619）
摘要：食品安全是重大民生問題，食品安全檢測則是食品安全管理的重要環節。發展小型化、低能耗、高靈敏的食品安全快速檢測技術不僅符合我國國情，而且在食品安全監管人員進行即時檢測方面極具現實意義。自供電光電化學傳感是基于光電活性材料發生光誘導電子-空穴轉移的分析方法，它將從環境中獲取的太陽能轉化為維持傳感器運行的電能，替代了對傳統電池的使用，有利于設備無線化、便攜化和低耗能。同時，它無需施加電壓即可實現對目標物的檢測，避免了溶液中還原產物的氧化造成的信號不穩定，從而提高傳感檢測的靈敏度和在生物分子檢測中的應用。本文總結了自供電光電化學傳感器的機制、分類及其在食品安全快速檢測中的研究進展，探討了該類無線、可持續、低能耗傳感器在現場檢測中的應用前景，為食品安全快速檢測提供有效的技術支持。
關鍵詞：食品安全；自供電光電化學傳感器；食品安全危害因子
中圖分類號：TS207.3 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2024）02-0161-07
Progress in rapid detection techniques using self-powered photoelectrochemical sensing for food safety
ZHANG Xiaoyi1，WANG Xiaomin2，BAI Baoqing1，YU Ligang1，ZHANG Jinhua1，GUO Caixia1，YANG Yukun*1
（1. School of Life Sciences，Shanxi University，Taiyuan 030006，China；2. Institute of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering，Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine，Jinzhong 030619，China）
Abstract：Food safety is a major livelihood issue，and its detection is an important part of food safety management. The development of miniaturization，low energy consumption and high sensitivity fast food safety detection technologies are not only in line with China's national conditions，but also extremely relevant in terms of immediate detection by food safety supervisors. Self-powered photoelectrochemical sensing is an analytical method based on photo-induced electron-hole transfer of photoactive materials. It converts the solar energy obtained from the environment into electrical energy to maintain the operation of the sensor，replacing the traditional batteries，which is conducive to the development of wireless，portable and low energy consumption of equipment. At the same time，it can also detect targets without applying voltage，which avoids the signal instability caused by the oxidation of reducing products in the solution，thus improving the sensitivity of sensor detection and its application in biomolecular detection. This paper summarized the mechanism，classification and research progress of self-powered photoelectrochemical sensors in food detection，and discussed the application prospect of this kind of wireless，sustainable and low-power sensors in field detection，which could provide effective technical support for rapid detection of food safety.
Keywords：food safety；self-powered photoelectrochemical sensor；food safety hazard factors
仿生超浸潤界面傳感技術在生物分析中的應用
孫夢雪，趙泳森，李延雷，高中鋒*
（山東省高校界面反應與傳感分析重點實驗室，濟南大學化學化工學院，濟南 250024）
摘要：仿生超浸潤界面材料是構建高靈敏度、高特異性生物傳感器的一類新興材料，廣泛適用于環境監測、生物醫藥、食品分析等領域。本文介紹了4種典型的超浸潤界面，包括超疏水界面、超親水界面、超潤滑界面以及圖案化浸潤性界面，總結了界面浸潤性調控在電化學、熒光、可視化、表面增強拉曼和可穿戴檢測器件等技術中的研究和最新進展，闡述了傳感器構建機理和檢測機制。最后，對仿生超浸潤界面傳感技術在生命分析應用中存在的問題和現存的挑戰進行了總結和討論。
關鍵詞：浸潤性；生物傳感技術；仿生材料；生物分析應用
中圖分類號：O657.99 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2024）02-0168-11
Application of bioinspired superwettable interface sensing technology in bioanalysis
SUN Mengxue，ZHAO Yongsen，LI Yanlei，GAO Zhongfeng*
（Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction and Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong，School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，University of Jinan，Jinan 250024，China）
Abstract：Bioinspired superwettable materials are a type of emerging materials to construct high-sensitivity and high-specificity biosensors，which are widely applicable in fields of environmental monitoring，biomedicine，and food analysis. This review introduces four typical superwettable interfaces，including superhydrophobic interfaces，superhydrophilic interfaces，slippery interfaces，and patterned superwettable interfaces. It summarizes the research and latest advances of superwettability regulation in technologies such as electrochemistry，fluorescence，visualization，surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy，and wearable detection devices，and elucidates the construction mechanisms and detection mechanisms of sensors. Finally，the problems and existing challenges of bioinspired superwettable sensing technology in biological analysis applications are summarized and discussed.
Keywords：superwettability；biosensing technology；superwettable materials；bioanalytical applications
基于共價有機框架材料的電化學傳感器研究進展
馮蓉，吳靜*
（中國地質大學（北京）數理學院，北京 100083）
摘要：共價有機框架 （COFs） 材料是一類由輕質元素（C，O，N，B等）通過強共價鍵連接而成的新興結晶多孔材料。COFs因其可調孔徑、永久孔隙率、拓撲可設計性等優點，被廣泛用于電化學傳感領域。金屬納米粒子、碳材料、金屬有機框架、酶等功能材料與COFs復合，可以顯著提高電化學傳感器的分析性能，實現高靈敏度和選擇性檢測。本綜述闡述了基于COFs的電化學傳感器的最新研究進展，總結了制備方法，并對其傳感機制進行了解釋。介紹了新型COFs材料的設計和合成，以及基于新型檢測模式的COFs電化學傳感器的研究進展。
關鍵詞：共價有機框架；多孔材料；電化學傳感器
中圖分類號：O657.31；X832 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2024）02-0179-16
Advances of electrochemical sensors based on covalent organic framework materials
FENG Rong，WU Jing*
（School of Science，China University of Geoscience（Beijing），Beijing 100083，China）
Abstract：Covalent organic frameworks （COFs） materials are an emerging class of crystalline porous materials made of light elements （C，O，N，B，etc.） connected by strong covalent bonds. In recent years，COFs are widely used in the field of electrochemical sensing because of their tunable pore size，permanent porosity，and topological designability. The composite of functional materials such as metal nanoparticles，carbon materials，metal-organic frameworks，and enzymes with COFs can significantly improve the analytical performance of electrochemical sensors，achieving high sensitivity and selectivity. This review demonstrates the recent advances in electrochemical sensors，summarizes the development and preparation of COFs-based electrochemical sensors，and explains their sensing mechanisms. This review also describes the design and synthesis of novel COFs materials and the research progress of electrochemical sensors based on them depending on novel detection modes.
Keywords：covalent organic frameworks；porous materials；electrochemical sensors
基于粘度的現場快速檢測方法及應用
張浩，劉書花*，畢研慧，趙梅，武文麗，胡瓊政*
（齊魯工業大學（山東省科學院）化學與制藥學部，山東省分析測試中心，濟南 250014）
摘要：即時檢測技術（POCT）是一種價格低廉、響應靈敏、無需大型儀器、可快速得到檢測結果的檢測手段，通常由具有便攜式“樣品進-信號出”功能的生物傳感器完成。雖然基于刺激響應聚合物溶膠-凝膠轉變構建的生物傳感器已有大量的研究報道，開發制備簡單、檢測快速、靈敏度高、選擇性好的生物傳感器依然具有十分重要的意義。近年來，研究者開發了基于聚合物粘度變化的新型生物傳感器，可以一定程度上克服傳統水凝膠傳感器的缺點，具有較大的發展潛力。本文主要從檢測平臺以及輸出信號模式兩個方面，總結歸納了基于粘度的現場快速檢測方法及應用。最后，對其發展趨勢進行簡要的討論，以期為基于粘度的POCT技術的后續研究和發展提供參考。
關鍵詞：即時檢測技術（POCT）；生物傳感器；刺激響應聚合物；粘度
中圖分類號：TP212.3 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2024）02-0195-13
On-site rapid detection methods based on viscosity and their applications
ZHANG Hao，LIU Shuhua*，BI Yanhui，ZHAO Mei，WU Wenli，HU Qiongzheng*
（College of Chemistry and Pharmacy，Qilu University of Technology （Shandong Academy of Sciences），Shandong Analysis and Test Center，Jinan 250014，China）
Abstract：Point-of-care testing （POCT） has attracted much attention recently with the merits of low cost，sensitive response，no need for large equipment，and fast data acquisition. POCT is usually achieved with portable "sample input-signal output" biosensors. Although a large number of POCT biosensors based on sol-gel transition of stimuli-responsive polymers have been reported，it is still essential to develop new biosensors with simple preparation，rapid response，high sensitivity，and remarkable sensitivity. Recently，series of biosensors based on the change of polymer viscosity have been emerging，which can largely overcome the shortcomings of traditional hydrogel-based biosensors. In this paper，on-site rapid detection methods based on viscosity and their applications are systematically summarized from two aspects including detection platforms and output signal modes. The development trend of viscosity-based POCT technology is also briefly discussed to provide a reference for the follow-up research.
Keywords：point-of-care testing （POCT）；biosensor；stimuli-responsive polymers；viscosity
全氟/多氟烷基化合物的光學傳感檢測研究進展
朱鵬安1，劉靜*2，馬雪娟1，張信鳳*1
（1. 成都理工大學材料與化學化工學院，成都 610059；2. 四川省生態環境科學研究院，成都 610046）
摘要：全氟/多氟烷基化合物（PFAS）是一類重要的新污染物，具有生物毒性、環境持久性、生物累積性等特點，可對環境和生物造成一系列危害。因此，實現PFAS的快速靈敏檢測至關重要。光學傳感因所需設備簡單、響應速度快等優點而被廣泛用于PFAS的現場快速檢測。本文對比色、熒光、表面增強拉曼、共振光散射、表面等離子體共振等多種光學傳感檢測PFAS的方法進行了綜述，詳細介紹了各種傳感體系的構建和檢測機制，并對其傳感性能進行了歸納和比較。最后，對PFAS光學傳感檢測的未來發展趨勢和改進方向進行了展望。
關鍵詞：新污染物；全氟/多氟烷基化合物；光學傳感體系
中圖分類號：O657.3 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2024）02-0208-12
Research progress on optical sensing of per-/polyfluoroalkyl compounds
ZHU Peng'an1，LIU Jing*2，MA Xuejuan1，ZHANG Xinfeng*1
（1. College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering，Chengdu University of Technology，Chengdu 610059，China；2. Sichuan Academy of Eco-Environmental Science，Chengdu 610046，China）
Abstract：Per-/polyfluoroalkyl compounds （PFAS） are an important class of new pollutants with bio-toxic，environmentally persistent，and bio-accumulative，which can cause hazards to organisms and environment. Therefore，realizing rapid and sensitive detection of PFAS is crucial for environmental and human health. Optical sensors are widely used for rapid on-site detection of PFAS due to the advantages of simple equipment and fast response time.In this paper，various optical sensing techniques for the detection of PFAS，such as colorimetry，fluorescence，surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy，resonance light scattering spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy，were reviewed. The construction and detection mechanisms of the various sensors were described in detail. The sensing performances were also evaluated and compared. Finally，the future development trend and improvement direction of the optical sensors for PFAS were prospected.
Keywords：new pollutants；per-/polyfluoroalkyl compounds （PFAS）；optical sensors
高保真納米耀斑在生物傳感中的應用
王玉平，張峻，孫雙紅，肖新月，卿志和，諶委菊*，周怡波*
（細胞化學湖南省重點實驗室，長沙理工大學化學化工學院，長沙 410114）
摘要：傳統的納米耀斑是基于金納米顆粒（Au NPs）通過金-硫（Au-S）鍵共價組裝功能核酸而成，廣泛應用于DNA可編程組裝、生物傳感、成像和治療等領域。然而，在細胞環境中，生物硫醇和其他化學物質的干擾是一個長期存在的問題，阻礙了其實際應用。針對此問題，通過升級納米耀斑實現細胞內的高保真熒光成像，避免生物硫醇和其他化學物質的干擾以獲得高保真信號，對細胞內高精度成像具有重要意義。本文對高保真納米耀斑相關研究進行了歸納整理，系統概述了高保真納米耀斑的設計原理及其在生物傳感中的應用，最后展望了該策略在細胞成像方面的優勢及應用前景。
關鍵詞：納米耀斑；高保真；細胞；熒光成像
中圖分類號：O657.31；X832 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2024）02-0220-09
Application of high-fidelity nanoflares in biosensing
WANG Yuping ，ZHANG Jun，SUN Shuanghong，XIAO Xinyue，QING Zhihe，CHEN Weiju*，ZHOU Yibo*
（Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry，School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Changsha University of Science and Technology，Changsha 410114，China）
Abstract：The traditional nanoflares designed by covalently assembling functional nucleic acid on Au nanoparticles （Au NPs） through gold sulfur （Au-S） bonds were widely used in fields of DNA programmable assembly，biosensing，imaging，and therapy. However，the interference of biological thiols and other chemicals is a long-standing problem that hinders the practical applications of nanoflares，especially in cellular environments. To address this issue，upgrading nanoflares to achieve high fidelity fluorescence imaging in cells，and avoiding interference from biological thiols and other chemicals to obtain high fidelity signal，is of great significance for high-precision imaging targets. This article summarizes and organizes the research related to high-fidelity nanoflares，provides a systematic overview of the design principles of high-fidelity nanoflares and their applications in biosensing. Finally，it looks forward to the advantages and application prospects of this strategy in cell imaging.
Keywords：nanoflares；high fidelity；cell；fluorescence imaging
外泌體在糖尿病治療中的研究進展
鄭文青，李優鑫*
（天津市現代藥物傳遞及功能高效化重點實驗室，天津化學化工協同創新中心，天津大學藥物科學與技術學院，天津 300072）
摘要：糖尿病（DMs）是威脅人類健康的嚴重代謝性疾病，其發病機制尚未明確，致病原因頗多。現已有多種糖尿病治療方案，如注射外源胰島素、植物源性天然產物、干細胞療法等，但均存在難以改善胰島β細胞、生物利用度差、免疫排斥等問題，因此亟待開發更加安全有效的治療方案。外泌體（Exosomes）作為一種細胞分泌的囊泡，含有細胞內所有重要物質，且參與細胞間信息與物質傳遞，隨著間充質干細胞等糖尿病有效治療方案的逐步問世，同時包含多類同類物質的外泌體在糖尿病治療中的潛力也逐步凸顯，其可以通過多種途徑同時降糖的作用被報道。本文綜述了近十幾年外泌體在Ⅰ型糖尿病（T1DM）與Ⅱ型糖尿病（T2DM）中的治療方案，并介紹了其分子機制與具體治療作用，以便為促進外泌體治療策略在臨床中的落實和應用提供參考。
關鍵詞：外泌體；糖尿病；胰島素抵抗；胰島β細胞受損；胰島移植；免疫抑制
中圖分類號：R917 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2024）02-0229-09
Research progress of exosomes in the treatment of diabetes
ZHENG Wenqing，LI Youxin*
（Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency，Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering，School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology，Tianjin University，Tianjin 300072，China）
Abstract：Diabetes melitus （DMs） is a type of serious metabolic disease threatening human health. However，the pathogenesis is still unclear，and its causes are varied. At present，there are many treatment options for DMs，such as exogenous insulin injection，plant-derived natural product therapy，stem cell therapy. However，these therapeutic regimens have problems such as difficulty in improving pancreatic β cells，poor bioavailability and immune rejection. It is urgent to develop safer and more effective treatment programs. Exosomes，as vesicles secreted by cells，contain all the important intracellular substances，and are involved in the transmission of information and substances between cells. With the advent of mesenchymal stem cells and other new and effective treatments for diabetes，the potential of exosomes containing multiple similar substances in the treatment of diabetes has gradually been highlighted，and the role of exosomes in hypoglycemia through various ways has been continuously reported. This article reviews the therapeutic regimens of exosomes in type I diabetes mellitus （T1DM） and type II diabetes mellitus （T2DM） in recent decades，and summarizes their molecular mechanisms and specific effects，so as to promote their implementations and applications in clinical practice.
Keywords：exosome；diabetes mellitus；insulin resistance；damaged islet beta cells；islet transplantation；immunosuppression
丙烯酰胺誘導神經毒性分子機制研究進展
鄭彬茹1，商佳1，陶倩倩1，韋源青1，2，劉睿1，2，3，韓疏影*1
（1. 南京中醫藥大學藥學院，南京 210023；2. 江蘇省海洋藥用生物資源研究與開發重點實驗室，南京 210023；3. 南京中醫藥大學，江蘇省中藥資源產業化過程協同創新中心，南京 210023）
摘要：丙烯酰胺（ACR）是一種常見的環境毒物，在食品加工過程中，由還原糖和天冬酰胺在高溫下發生美拉德（Maillard）反應產生。近10年中，ACR的神經毒性等受到了越來越多的關注，是環境科學等領域的研究熱點之一。本文圍繞ACR的形成、食品中的分布及含量、實驗及生活環境中ACR污染及暴露情況，總結近年來的相關文獻并進行綜述。基于共價結合的化學生物學視角，討論了ACR誘導的神經毒性及其機制；提出用蛋白質組學、化學生物學等方法對ACR作用靶標進行篩選與鑒定；總結了對ACR誘導神經毒性的分子機制進一步研究的策略，并對研究方向進行了展望。
關鍵詞：丙烯酰胺；神經毒性；共價結合；分子機制
中圖分類號：TS201.2 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2024）02-0238-12
Progress of molecular mechanism of acrylamide induced neurotoxicity
ZHENG Binru1，SHANG Jia1，TAO Qianqian1，WEI Yuanqing1，2，LIU Rui1，2，3，HAN Shuying*1
（1. College of Pharmacology，Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine，Nanjing 210023，China；2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics，Nanjing 210023，China；3. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization，Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine，Nanjing 210023，China）
Abstract：Acrylamide （ACR） is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant，which is produced by the Maillard reaction of reducing sugar and asparagine in food processing at high temperature. The neurotoxicity of ACR，which is one of the research hotspots in environmental science and other fields，have been received attentions. The formation of ACR，its content and distribution in food，environmental and daily exposure to ACR pollution in experiments and life were summarized and reviewed in recent years. Based on the chemobiological perspective of covalent binding，the ACR-induced neurotoxicity and its mechanism were discussed and its mechanism were discussed；the screening and identification of ACR targets by proteomics and chemical biology were proposed；the strategies for further research on the molecular mechanism of ACR-induced neurotoxicity were summarized，and the research directions were prospected.
Keywords：acrylamide；neurotoxicity；covalent bonding；molecular mechanism
數據驅動的新污染物單體環境分析化學
李洪雙1，田思語1，楊澤楷1，程夢源1，湯雯1，趙嫻1，李浦風1，羅丹1，謝雪迎1，邱愷培*1，2，3
（1. 國家環境保護化工過程環境風險評價與控制重點實驗室，華東理工大學資源與環境工程學院，上海200237；2. 上海污染控制與生態安全研究院，上海200092；3. 上海市環境保護化學污染物環境標準與風險管理重點實驗室，上海200237）
摘要：新污染物是指未納入監管、但存在較大環境健康風險的物質，具有種類繁多、環境持久性、生物累積性等特點。基于納米孔道電化學的單體環境分析是一類新興的監測技術，其測量原理是利用單個待測物過孔時產生的特征電流來定性，并用特征電信號的出現頻率定量。本文聚焦兩類重點關注的新污染物—全氟/多氟烷基化合物和微納塑料，分別開發了基于生物納米孔的單分子分析算法和基于毛細管固體孔的單顆粒分析算法。針對雙三氟甲基苯甲酸異構體，通過單分子算法對原始電信號進行多維特征提取，在不使用標準品的情況下，將分類準確率從一維的74.3%提升至五維的92.6%。針對微納塑料，利用單顆粒算法，實現了粒徑4~6 μm的羧基聚苯乙烯微球精準區分，準確率為100.0%。進一步通過有限元模擬，提取了受單因素影響的參數，為新污染物精準監測提供了新思路。
關鍵詞：新污染物；納米孔道電化學技術；算法；有限元模擬
中圖分類號：X830.3 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2024）02-0250-08
Data-driven single-entity environmental analytical chemistry for new pollutants
LI Hongshuang1，TIAN Siyu1，YANG Zekai1，CHENG Mengyuan1，TANG Wen1，ZHAO Xian1，LI Pufeng1，LUO Dan1，XIE Xueying1，QIU Kaipei*1，2，3
（1.State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes，School of Resources and Environmental Engineering，East China University of Science and Technology，Shanghai 200237，China；2. Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security，Shanghai 200092，China；3. Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants，Shanghai 200237，China）
Abstract：New pollutants （NPs） refer to substances that have not been regulated yet，but may pose great environmental and health risks，due to the characteristics of a wide variety，environmental persistence and bioaccumulation. Precision monitoring is a prerequisite for effective treatment of NPs. Single-Entity environmental analysis based on nanopore electrochemistry is an emerging monitoring method，of which the target can be identified by using the characteristic current generated when single analyte passes rough the nanopore，and be quantified by the frequency of events. In this work，two typical NPs，perfluorinated alkyl compounds and micro plastics are focused，while single-molecule analysis algorithm based on biological nanopores and single-particle analysis algorithm based on solid-state pores are developed，respectively. For the isomer of bistrifluoromethyl benzoic acid （BBA），the multi-dimensional features were extracted from the original signal by running the single-molecule algorithm. The classification accuracy was improved from 74.3% of one-dimensional to 92.6% of five-dimensional without using standards. For microplastics，the single-particle algorithm was used to accurately distinguish carbox polystyrene （PS） microspheres with particle size of 4-6 μm，with an accuracy of 100.0%. Finally，the parameters affected by single factors through single-particle finite element method simulation （FEM） were further extracted，which provided a new idea for the accurate monitoring of new pollutants.
Keywords：new pollutants（NPs）；nanopore electrochemical technology；algorithm；finite element method simulation （FEM）
雜交鏈式反應介導赭曲霉毒素A的比色/熒光雙模檢測
吳家浩，陳麗葉，謝新輝，江紫萍，趙倩*，石星波
（湖南農業大學食品科學技術學院，食品科學與生物技術湖南省重點實驗室，長沙 410128）
摘要：以赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）為目標物，以二氧化硅納米顆粒作為載體，負載赭曲霉毒素適配體和HCR引發鏈（cDNA）雜交的DNA雙鏈，構建了一種比色/熒光雙模信號輸出的高靈敏檢測平臺。在最優條件下，熒光信號回歸方程為ΔF=1033.78lgc+13652.89，檢出限為6.11×10-14 g/mL；比色信號回歸方程為A=0.02587lgc+0.7537，檢出限為1.33×10-13 g/mL。該方法成功應用于實際樣品中OTA 的檢測，為食品安全監測提供了一種新策略。
關鍵詞：赭曲霉毒素A；適配體；雜交鏈式反應；雙模信號；金納米顆粒
中圖分類號：O657.31； X832 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2024）02-0258-08
Colorimetric/fluorescent dual-mode signals for the detection of ochratoxin A mediated by hybridization chain reaction
WU Jiahao，CHEN Liye，XIE Xinhui，JIANG Ziping，ZHAO Qian*，SHI Xingbo
(Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology，College of Food Science and Technology，Hunan Agricultural University，Changsha 410128，China）
Abstract：In this study，Ochratoxin A （OTA） as target and silica nanoparticles served as carriers to immobilize DNA double strands hybridized by OTA aptamers and HCR trigger chain reactions （cDNA），a dual-mode colorimetric and fluorescent detection platform with high sensitivity was successfully established. Under the optimum conditions，the fluorescence signal regression equation was ΔF=1033.78lgc+13652.89，along with a detection limit of 6.11×10-14 g/mL. And the colorimetric signal regression equation was A=0.02587lgc+0.7537，together with a detection limit of 1.33×10-13 g/mL. Furthermore，this method was successfully applied to the detection of OTA in real food samples，offering a new strategy for food safety monitoring.
Keywords：ochratoxin A；aptamer；hybridization chain reaction；dual-mode signal；AuNPs
基于適體識別及雜交鏈式反應放大信號檢測細胞外囊泡
吳諦1，2，王亞靜1，王倩倩1，李濤2，郭英姝*2
（1. 臨沂大學化學化工學院，臨沂 276000；2. 齊魯工業大學（山東省科學院）化學與化工學院，濟南 250353）
摘要：利用在細胞外囊泡表面高度表達的特定蛋白作為靶標識別細胞外囊泡，可用于檢測癌癥相關的細胞外囊泡。基于此，提出了一種同時捕獲和定量細胞外囊泡的檢測方法。將核酸適配體修飾在單分散聚苯乙烯微球上，可特異性捕獲細胞外囊泡；通過適配體觸發的雜交鏈式反應放大熒光信號，可提高檢測靈敏度。優化條件下，將本方法用于檢測MCF-7細胞衍生的細胞外囊泡，體系的熒光強度變化值與細胞外囊泡濃度的對數在1.7×103~1.7×106 particle/μL范圍內呈良好的線性關系，相關系數（R2）為0.9984，相對標準偏差（RSD）為1.6%。
關鍵詞：細胞外囊泡；雜交鏈式反應；聚苯乙烯微球；熒光檢測；適配體
中圖分類號：Q652 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2024）02-0266-08
Detection of extracellular vesicles based on aptamer recognition and hybridization chain reaction amplification
WU Di1，2，WANG Yajing1，WANG Qianqian1，LI Tao2，GUO Yingshu*2
(1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Linyi University，Linyi 276000，China；2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Qilu University of Technology （Shandong Academy of Sciences），Jinan 250353，China）
Abstract：The use of specific biomarkers highly expressed on the surface of extracellular vesicles as targets to identify extracellular vesicles can detect cancer-associated extracellular vesicles. Based on this，an assay for capture and quantification of extracellular vesicles was proposed. By modifying nucleic acid aptamers on monodisperse polystyrene microspheres，specific capture of extracellular vesicles was achieved. The sensitivity of the assay was increased by amplification of the fluorescent signal using an aptamer-triggered hybridization chain reaction. Using this method to detect MCF-7 cell-derived extracellular vesicles under optimized conditions，there was a good linear relationship between the fluorescence change ratio and extracellular vesicle concentration in the range of 1.7×103-1.7×106 particle/μL，with the correlation coefficient （R2） of 0.9984，and the relative standard deviation （RSD） of 1.6%.
Keywords：extracellular vesicles；hybridization chain reaction；polystyrene microspheres；fluorescence detection；aptamer
基于四面體DNA框架的循環信號放大策略用于microRNA的電化學檢測
黃靜1，戴志龍1，陳觀宇2，饒盼詳1，楊寧2，許麗蘭2，陳敬華*2，章溪*1
（1. 福建醫科大學藥學院臨床藥學與藥事管理學系，福州 350108；2. 福建醫科大學藥學院藥物分析學系，福州 350108）
摘要：基于四面體DNA框架和G-四鏈體（G4）結構，利用靶標介導的無酶鏈置換循環信號放大策略，構建了一種電化學傳感策略，用于microRNA-21的高靈敏檢測。根據靶標（microRNA-21）序列設計四面體DNA框架發夾探針，當靶標存在時，其與四面體DNA框架上的發夾探針互補配對雜交，進而啟動3條發夾DNA的鏈置換循環反應，在電極表面形成大量的“Y”型DNA。每個“Y”型DNA結構中的2個末端均有G4結構，可與血紅素（hemin）形成一種具有類辣根過氧化物酶特性的G4/hemin DNAzyme，催化3，3'，5，5'-四甲基聯苯胺和過氧化氫的反應并產生較強的電流信號，從而用于microRNA-21的檢測。當靶標不存在時，鏈置換反應無法啟動，因而電化學信號較弱。結果顯示，在1.00 fmol/L~1.00 nmol/L濃度范圍內，峰電流差值（各濃度電流值-空白組電流值）與microRNA-21濃度的對數值具有良好的線性關系，線性方程為ΔI=45.04lgc+756.1，線性相關系數R2=0.9987，檢測限為17.92 amol/L。該方法有望用于與miRNA-21相關的腫瘤早期診斷的臨床應用。
關鍵詞：微小RNA；四面體DNA框架；循環信號放大；DNAzyme；電化學傳感
中圖分類號：O657.1 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2024）02-0274-08
Tetrahedral DNA scaffold-based cyclic signal amplification strategy for electrochemical detection of microRNA
HUANG Jing1，DAI Zhilong1，CHEN Guanyu2，RAO Panxiang1，YANG Ning2，XU Lilan2，CHEN Jinghua*2，ZHANG Xi*1
(1. Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration，School of Pharmacy，Fujian Medical University，Fuzhou 350108，China；2. Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis，School of Pharmacy，Fujian Medical University，Fuzhou 350108，China）
Abstract：In this study，an electrochemical sensor was constructed for the highly sensitive detection of microRNA-21 based on the tetrahedral DNA scaffold and G-quadruplex （G4） structure using a target-triggered enzyme-free strand displacement cyclic signal amplification strategy. A tetrahedral DNA scaffold hairpin probe was designed according to the sequence of the target （microRNA-21）.In the presence of the target，it hybridized with the hairpin probe on the tetrahedral DNA scaffold by complementary pairing，which initiated the cyclic strand displacement reaction of three hairpin DNAs and formed a large number of "Y"-shaped DNA structures on the electrode surface. Each "Y"-shaped DNA structure has a G4 structure at both upper ends，which can bind with hemin to form a G4/hemin DNAzyme with horseradish peroxidase-like properties. It catalyzes the reaction between 3，3'，5，5'-tetramethylbenzidine and hydrogen peroxide and generates significant current signals，which can be used for microRNA-21 detection. When the target was not present，the strand displacement reaction could not be initiated and thus the electrochemical signal was weak. The results showed there was a good linear relationship between the peak difference current and microRNA-21 concentration logarithm value in the range of 1.00 fmol/L-1.00 nmol/L，and the correlation equation was ΔI=45.04lgc+756.1，along with the correlation coefficient （R2） of 0.9987 and the detection limit of 17.92 amol/L. The biosensor is expected to be used in the clinical application of early diagnosis of miRNA-21-related tumors.
Keywords：microRNA；tetrahedral DNA scaffold；cyclic signal amplification reaction；DNAzyme；electrochemical biosensing
基于核酸等溫擴增與側向層析試紙聯用鑒定黑胡椒調味品的真實性
王仁靜1，吳倩1，彭育勃1，薛鵬鵬1，陳偉1，姚幫本2，徐建國*1，3
（1. 合肥工業大學食品與生物工程學院，合肥 230000；2. 安徽省產品質量監督檢驗研究院，合肥230000；3. 嘉興大學化學與生物工程學院，嘉興 314001）
摘要：本研究以黑胡椒中木瓜籽摻假為代表性研究對象，開發了一種分子擴增與側向流動層析（LFA）聯用方法，通過整合重組酶聚合酶鏈式擴增反應（RPA）和LFA技術，實現了對黑胡椒樣品中木瓜籽摻假的敏感快速檢測。該方法的檢出限（LOD）為0.1%，整個檢測過程可以在40 min內完成，適用于現場測試，并成功用于鑒定香料黑胡椒的真實性。
關鍵詞：等溫擴增；側向層析試紙；真實性鑒定
中圖分類號：TS207.7 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2024）02-0282-06
Identification of the authenticity of black pepper seasoning based on the combination of nucleic acid isothermal amplification and lateral chromatography test paper
WANG Renjing1，WU Qian1，PENG Yubo1，XUE Pengpeng1，CHEN Wei1，YAO Bangben2，XU Jianguo*1，3
(1. College of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology，Hefei 230000，China；2. Anhui Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute，Hefei 230000，China；3. College of Biological，Chemical Sciences and Engineering，Jiaxing University，Jiaxing 314001，China）
Abstract：This study focuses on the issue of papaya seed adulteration in black pepper，utilizing it as a representative case for research. A novel method that combines molecular amplification with lateral flow chromatography （LFA） has been developed. By merging recombinase polymerase chain reaction （RPA） and LFA technologies，a highly sensitive and rapid detection of papaya seed adulteration in black pepper samples was successfully achieved. The limit of detection（LOD） of this method was 0.1%，and the entire detection process can be completed within 40 min. This method is suitable for on-site testing and has been proven to be effective in authenticating the purity of black pepper spices.
Keywords：isothermal amplification；lateral chromatography test paper；authenticity identification
木質素碳納米酶的制備及用于檢測人尿液中多巴胺
閆珍儀1，紀宇展1，于若樸1，張子涵1，牛娜*2，陳立鋼*2
（1. 東北林業大學奧林學院，哈爾濱 150040；2. 東北林業大學化學化工與資源利用學院，哈爾濱 150040）
摘要：以木質素磺酸鈉為碳源，水熱法合成了MoS2摻雜的碳納米酶（Mo，S-CDs），并基于其過氧化物酶特性，將其用于檢測人尿中多巴胺的含量。對納米酶的形貌進行了表征。結果顯示，Mo，S-CDs為球型，直徑在2 nm左右，在水中能夠較好的分散；紅外圖譜結果表明Mo，S-CDs表面官能團豐富；X射線光電子能譜表明Mo，S-CDs中存在Mo，S，C，O元素。Mo，S-CDs具有穩定、高效的過氧化物酶催化活性，可催化H2O2與3，3’，5，5’-四甲基聯苯胺（TMB）反應，生成氧化產物oxTMB。藍色的oxTMB可被多巴胺還原回TMB，導致系統在oxTMB特征峰處的吸光度下降。因此，基于Mo，S-CDs對H2O2的傳感能力構建了多巴胺-Mo，S-CDs的催化傳感體系，并用于檢測人尿液中多巴胺的含量。多巴胺濃度在0.5~20 μmol/L范圍內有良好的線性關系，檢出限為0.0639 μmol/L，回收率為96.5%~101.7%，相對標準偏差（RSD）<5%。
關鍵詞：納米酶；多巴胺；過氧化物酶；比色檢測；尿液分析
中圖分類號：O652.3 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2024）02-0288-06
Preparation of lignin carbon nanoenzyme and its detection for dopamine in human urine
YAN Zhenyi1，JI Yuzhan1，YU Ruopu1，ZHANG Zihan1，NIU Na*2，CHEN Ligang*2
(1. Aulin College of Northeast Forestry University，Harbin 150040，China；2. College of Chemistry，Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization，Northeast Forestry University，Harbin 150040，China）
Abstract：MoS2 doped carbon nanoenzymes （Mo，S-CDs） was synthesized by hydrothermal method with sodium lignosulfonate as carbon source，and applied to detect the content of dopamine in human urine based on its peroxidase characteristics. The morphology of nanoenzyme was characterized. The results showed that Mo，S-CDs were spherical in shape with a diameter of about 2 nm and could be well dispersed in water. The infrared spectrum proved that there were abundant functional groups on the surface of Mo，S-CDs，and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） proved that Mo，S，C and O existed in Mo，S-CDs. Mo，S-CDs have stable and efficient peroxidase catalytic activity，which can catalyze the reaction between H2O2 and 3，3'，5，5'-tetramethylbenzidine （TMB） to produce oxTMB. The blue color oxTMB can be reduced to TMB by the reductive dopamine，resulting in the decrease of the system absorbance at the characteristic peak of oxTMB. Therefore，the catalytic sensing system of dopamine Mo，S-CDs were constructed based on the sensing ability of Mo，S-CDs to H2O2，which could detect the content of dopamine in human urine. There was a good linear relationship in the dopamine concentration range of 0.5-20 μmol/L，and the detection limit was 0.0639 μmol/L. The recoveries were 96.5%-101.7%，and the relative standard deviations （RSDs） were less than 5%.
Keywords：nanoenzyme；dopamine；peroxidase；colorimetric detection；urine analysis
基于環介導等溫擴增技術的空間微生物安全水平評價方法
張倍銘1，李安一2，李曉丹3，孫威1，葉建設1，馬俊3，呂雪飛*2
（1. 北京跟蹤與通信技術研究所，北京 100094；2. 北京理工大學生命學院，北京 100081；3. 北京機械設備研究所，北京 100854）
摘要：以金黃色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、青霉、黑曲霉4種典型空間微生物風險菌為試驗對象，在篩選得到靶標微生物的特異性環介導等溫擴增（LAMP）引物的基礎上，成功建立基于LAMP的靶標微生物定量檢測技術，檢出限為200 copies/μL。該方法表現出良好的檢測靈敏度、檢測特異性和檢測精密度，為空間微生物安全水平評價提供了一種切實可行的方法，為保障航天員健康和人機系統的安全性提供了重要的技術手段。
關鍵詞：空間微生物；環介導等溫擴增；核酸檢測；金黃色葡萄球菌；肺炎克雷伯菌；青霉；黑曲霉
中圖分類號：Q939.99 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2024）02-0294-07
Evaluation method for safety level of space microbial based on the loop-mediated isothermal amplification
ZHANG Beiming1，LI Anyi2，LI Xiaodan3，SUN Wei1，YE Jianshe1，MA Jun3，LV Xuefei*2
(1. Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology，Beijing 100094，China；2. School of Life Science，Beijing Institute of Technology，Beijing 100081，China；3. Beijing Institute of Mechanical Equipment，Beijing 100854，China）
Abstract：In this paper，four typical risky microbial bacteria in space，including Staphylococcus aureus，Klebsiella pneumoniae，Penicillium and Aspergillus niger，were selected as the targets，a quantitative detection technology for targets was successfully established，based on screening specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification （LAMP） primers for target microbials，and the limit of detection was 200 copies/μL. The method exhibits good detection specificity and repeatability，providing a practical and feasible method for evaluating the safety level of space microbials，which is also important for ensuring the health of astronauts and the safety of spacecraft.
Keywords：space microbial；loop-mediated isothermal amplification；nucleic acid detection；staphylococcus aureus；klebsiella pneumoniae；penicillium；aspergillus niger
