《分析試驗室》2023年11月第42卷第11期中英文摘要
柔性鑭系金屬有機骨架材料比例熒光法檢測Fe3+
張亞如1，付莎1，楊亞非*1，夏炎1，2
（1. 南開大學化學學院中心實驗室，天津 300071；2. 天津市生物傳感與分子識別重點實驗室，天津 300071）
摘要：設計了一個三羧酸柔性配體L，其可提供捕獲鑭系金屬的親和力及調節配體的能級，并可用于合成同時具有高穩定性和雙發射特性的柔性鑭系金屬有機骨架（Eu-MOF）材料。利用柔性配體到金屬的不完全能量轉移使得材料出現350 nm和623 nm處的強雙發射，構筑了比例熒光傳感平臺。由于柔性配體不穩定的電子構型以及Eu3+和Fe3+之間的離子交換，Eu-MOF可用于對Fe3+的比例熒光檢測。Eu-MOF對Fe3+的檢出限為0.592 μmol/L，并分別在1.0~60.0 μmol/L和60.0~90.0 μmol/L范圍內呈線性關系，響應時間低至3 min。Eu-MOF對Fe3+檢測具有良好的選擇性、抗干擾性以及可回收性，用于實際樣品中Fe3+檢測，加標回收率為98.4%~102.6%。
關鍵詞：柔性配體；柔性鑭系金屬有機骨架；比例熒光傳感；Fe3+
中圖分類號：O657.39 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2023）11-1421-08
Flexible lanthanide metal-organic frameworks for ratiometric fluorescence detection for Iron（III）
ZHANG Yaru1，FU Sha1，YANG Yafei*1，XIA Yan1，2
1. Central Laboratory，College of Chemistry，Nankai University，Tianjin 300071，China；2.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition，Tianjin 300071，China）
Abstract：A tricarboxylic acid flexible ligand L was designed，which not only provided affinity to capture lanthanide metals，but also modulated the energy level of the ligand，to synthesize flexible lanthanide metal-organic framework （Eu-MOF） with high stability and dual emission. The two fluorescence emission peaks of Eu-MOF at 350 nm and 623 nm came from the incomplete energy transfer from the flexible ligand to the metal，and a ratiometric fluorescence sensing platform was constructed. Due to the unstable electronic configuration of the flexible ligand and the ion exchange between Eu3+ and Fe3+，Eu-MOF could be used for the detection of Fe3+. The detection limit of Fe3+ was 0.592 μmol/L and the linear relationships were in the ranges of 1.0-60.0 μmol/L and 60.0-90.0 μmol/L. The response time was about 3 min. The synthesized Eu-MOF has good selectivity，anti-interference and recyclability，and can be used for the detection of Fe3+ in real samples，with the recoveries of 98.4%-102.6%.
Keywords：flexible ligand；flexible lanthanide metal-organic framework；ratiometic fluorescence sensing；iron ion
聲流體對NE-4C神經干細胞的分化調控
李文君，魏巍，康圣惠，段學欣，王艷艷*
（精密測試技術與儀器國家重點實驗室，天津大學精密儀器與光電子工程學院，天津 300072）
摘要：基于體聲波（BAW）諧振器產生的千兆赫茲聲流體（AS）剪切力，搭建了一種調控神經外胚層（NE-4C）干細胞分化進程的微芯片細胞調節系統，探究諧振器作用高度和AS作用時間對NE-4C干細胞神經球、軸突的形成以及軸突長度的影響。結果表明，通過降低諧振器作用高度，能夠在增大AS流速的同時減小作用范圍；在作用高度較低時，AS能夠促進神經球的形成及轉變；通過施加不同時間的AS激勵，可以調節NE-4C干細胞在短時間內形成不同長度的神經突，并且在撤掉AS后，依舊能夠促進軸突的伸長。在該系統下能夠加快神經球的形成及神經突的伸長化，從而進一步促進NE-4C干細胞的分化。
關鍵詞：體聲波諧振器；聲流體；神經干細胞；分化
中圖分類號：TH89 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2023）11-1429-06
Differentiation regulation of NE-4C neural stem cells by acoustic streaming
LI Wenjun，WEI Wei，KANG Shenghui，DUAN Xuexin，WANG Yanyan*
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments，College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering，Tianjin University，Tianjin 300072，China）
Abstract：Based on the gigahertz acoustic streaming （AS） shear force produced by bulk acoustic wave （BAW） resonator，a microchip cell regulation system was built to regulate the differentiation process of neuroectodermal （NE-4C） stem cells，and to investigate the effects of the operating height of resonator and AS stimulation time on the formation of neurospheres and neurites and its length of NE-4C stem cells. The results showed that by reducing the operating height of resonator，the flow velocity of AS could be increased and the action range could be reduced simultanously. When operating height was low，the formation and transformation of neurospheres could be promoted by AS. By applying different AS stimulation time，neural stem cells could be adjusted to form neurites of different lengths in a short period of time，and the elongation of neurites could still be promoted after the AS was removed. Under this system，AS could accelerate the formation of neurospheres and the elongation of neurites，thus further promoting the differentiation of NE-4C stem cells.
Keywords：bulk acoustic wave resonator；acoustic streaming （AS）；neural stem cells；differentiation
分子印跡固相萃取-超高效液相色譜串聯質譜法測定水產品中15種硝基咪唑類藥物及其代謝物殘留
王旭峰，王強，張英俠，黃珂*
（中國水產科學研究院南海水產研究所，農業農村部水產品加工重點實驗室，農業農村部漁業環境及水產品質量監督檢驗測試中心（廣州），廣州 510300）
摘要：建立了分子印跡固相萃取（MISPE）-超高效液相色譜串聯質譜法（MISPE-UPLC-MS/MS）測定水產品中15種硝基咪唑類藥物（NMZs）及其代謝物多殘留分析方法。樣品經乙酸乙酯提取，采用優化的MISPE條件富集凈化。以甲醇和水作為流動相梯度洗脫，Kinetex C18色譜柱分離。電噴霧電離正離子（ESI+）模式掃描，多反應監測（MRM）模式測定，內標法定量。在質量濃度0.1~100 ng/mL范圍內，各目標藥物呈良好的線性關系，相關系數（r）≥0.998。方法的檢出限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分別為0.1~0.3 μg/kg和0.3~0.8 μg/kg。陰性樣品中平均加標回收率為83.6%~118%，相對標準偏差為2.7%~10%。該方法已應用于市售水產品基質中NMZs及其代謝物多殘留測定。
關鍵詞：分子印跡固相萃取；液相色譜串聯質譜法；硝基咪唑類藥物；水產品
中圖分類號：O657.63；X832 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2023）11-1435-07
Determination of 15 nitroimizadoles and their metabolites residues in aquatic products by MISPE-UPLC-MS/MS
WANG Xufeng，WANG Qiang，ZHANG Yingxia，HUANG Ke*
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences；Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaires （Guangzhou）；Fishery Environment and Aquatic Products Quality Inspection & Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaires （Guangzhou），Guangzhou 510300，China）
Abstract：A selective multi-residue method （MISPE-UPLC-MS/MS） was established by combining molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction （MISPE） cleanup with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） for the residual determination of 15 nitroimizadoles （NMZs） and their metabolites in aquatic products. Samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and then purified by using optimized MISPE protocol prior to injection into UPLC-MS/MS. Chromatographic separation of 15 target analytes was performed on a Kinetex C18 column utilizing methanol and water as mobile phases under gradient elution procedure. These compounds were quantitated with internal standard method and confirmed in multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode using positive electrospray ionization （ESI+） scan. The linear ranges for 15 NMZs were 0.1-100 ng/mL with the coefficient of correlations （r） higher than 0.998. The limits of detection （LODs） and the limits of quantitation （LOQs） were in the range of 0.1-0.3 μg/kg and 0.3-0.8 μg/kg，respectively. The average spiked recoveries in negative sample ranged from 83.6% to 118% with the relative standard deviations （RSDs） of 2.7%-10%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the multi-residue determination of 15 NMZs and their metabolites in commercial aquatic sample matrixes with high selectivity and good applicability.
Keywords：molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction （MISPE）；ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）；nitroimizadoles （NMZs）；aquatic products
氮磷共摻碳量子點檢測甲硝唑
王少杰，賀園園，劉富韜，王永波*
（陜西科技大學食品科學與工程學院，西安 710021）
摘要：以鄰苯二胺和磷酸為原料，通過一步水熱法合成了氮磷共摻碳量子點（NP-CDs），通過透射電子顯微鏡、傅里葉紅外變換光譜儀、熒光光譜等對其表面形貌、元素組成和光學性質進行了表征。基于甲硝唑（MNZ）和NP-CDs之間的靜電吸附作用和靜態猝滅現象，構建了一種快速檢測MNZ的熒光探針。在最佳實驗條件下，當MNZ濃度在0~100 μmol/L時，NP-CDs的熒光強度變化量與MNZ濃度有良好的線性關系，檢出限為0.68 μmol/L。采用加標回收實驗檢測牛奶和蜂蜜中的MNZ，加標回收率為90.3%~101.9%，相對標準偏差在0.31%~1.3%之間，表明該方法可用于實際樣品中MNZ的檢測。
關鍵詞：甲硝唑；氮磷共摻碳量子點；熒光探針；可視化
中圖分類號：O657.3 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2023）11-1442-07
Detection of metronidazole based on nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon quantum dots
WANG Shaojie，HE Yuanyuan，LIU Futao，WANG Yongbo*
School of Food Science and Engineering，Shaanxi University of Science and Technology，Xi’an 710021，China）
Abstract：With the o-phenylenediamine and phosphoric acid as raw materials，nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped carbon quantum dots （NP-CDs） were obtained by a one-step hydrothermal method. The morphology，composition and optical properties were studied by transmission electron microscopy，Fourier infrared transform spectrometry and fluorescence spectrophotometer. Due to the electrostatic adsorption and static quenching phenomenon between NP-CDs and metronidazole（MNZ），the NP-CDs fluorescent probe was conducted for the rapid detection of MNZ. Under the optimal experimental conditions，the variation of fluorescence intensity was linearly correlated with the concentration of MNZ in the range of 0-100 μmol/L，and the detection limit of the method was 0.68 μmol/L. The probe was employed for the detection of MNZ in milk and honey samples by the standard addition method. The recoveries were in the range of 90.3%-101.9%，with the relative standard deviations of 0.31%-1.3%，indicating that the method can be used for the determination of MNZ in real samples.
Keywords：metronidazole；nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon quantum dots；fluorescent probe；visualization
在線近紅外光譜預處理對廢舊紡織品定性識別的影響
王悅1，劉正東2，李文霞*1，李寧寧1，王笑宸1
（1. 北京服裝學院材料設計與工程學院，北京 100029；2. 北京服裝學院服裝藝術與工程學院，北京 100029）
摘要：將近紅外光譜分析技術與一階導數、離散小波變換、標準正態變換、多元散射校正、S-G平滑、移動平均平滑、均值中心化和最大最小歸一化8種預處理方法相結合，采用其單一及組合的方法，對聚酯、錦綸、腈綸、棉、毛、真絲、聚酯/棉、聚酯/錦綸、聚酯/氨綸、聚酯/毛、真絲/棉、錦綸/氨綸和特殊類共計13類織物的3620個近紅外譜圖進行預處理，并建立基于深度卷積神經網絡的廢舊紡織品定性識別模型。依據定性模型的識別準確率，探討出適宜該類數據集的譜圖預處理方法。研究結果表明，采用S-G平滑、均值中心化+S-G平滑和標準正態變換+S-G平滑的方法預處理后，所得模型的識別準確率均在96%以上。將此3種模型與未經預處理的原模型分別導入“分揀裝置”中，對未參與建模的280個樣品進行成分識別檢驗，經預處理優化后的模型識別準確率均高于原模型的89.6%。且均值中心化+S-G平滑預處理后，模型的識別準確率最高達96.8%，識別、分揀時間小于2 s。因此，對原模型樣本的近紅外光譜數據進行預處理可極大提高模型的識別準確率，為廢舊紡織品的在線高效識別與自動分揀提供新方法。
關鍵詞：在線近紅外光譜預處理；廢舊紡織品；定性識別與分揀
中圖分類號：O657.33 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2023）11-1449-06
Influence of online near-infrared spectroscopy preprocessing on qualitative identification of waste textiles
WANG Yue1，LIU Zhengdong2，LI Wenxia*1，LI Ningning1，WANG Xiaochen1
1. College of Materials Design and Engineering，Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology，Beijing 100029，China；2. College of Fashion Art and Engineering，Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology，Beijing 100029，China）
Abstract：Near-infrared spectral analysis technology has been combined with 8 spectral preprocessing methods including First Derivative，Discreet Wavelet Transform，Standard Normal Variate，Multiplicative Scatter Correction，S-G Smoothing，Moving Average Smoothing，Mean Centering and Max-Min Scaling. The single pretreatment and their combinations methods were used to optimize and pretreat 3620 near-infrared spectra of 13 types of fabrics，including polyester，nylon，acrylic，cotton，wool，silk，polyester/cotton，polyester/nylon，polyester/spandex，polyester/wool，silk/cotton，nylon/spandex and special types. The qualitative identification model of waste textiles based on deep convolution neural network was established. According to the recognition accuracy of the qualitative model，the suitable spectral preprocessing method for this kind of data set has been discussed. The results showed that the recognition accuracy of the optimized model trained was above 96% after preprocessing with S-G Smoothing，Mean Centering+S-G Smoothing and Standard Normal Variate+S-G Smoothing. The three models and the original model were respectively introduced into the "sorting device"，then 280 samples that did not participate in the modeling were identified and tested，and the recognition accuracy of the model after preprocessing optimization was higher than 89.6% of the original model. Among them，after Mean Centering+S-G Smoothing preprocessing，the actual recognition accuracy of the model was the highest of 96.8%，and identification and sorting time was less than 2 s. Therefore，preprocessing the near-infrared spectral data of the original model samples can greatly improve the recognition accuracy of the model，and provide innovative technologies for efficient online identification and automatic sorting of waste textiles.
Keywords：online near-infrared spectral preprocessing；waste textiles；qualitative identification and sorting
基于久洛尼定的鋁離子熒光探針的合成與性能
李政*，彭曉霞，王樹軍，陳鈺
（廊坊師范學院化學與材料科學學院，廊坊 065000）
摘要：設計合成了基于久洛尼定的酰腙熒光探針JNPH，并使用核磁共振波譜（NMR）和高分辨質譜（HRMS）表征了JNPH的結構。采用熒光發射光譜研究了在DMSO/Tris-HCl（7∶3，V∶V）緩沖體系中探針JNPH對金屬離子的識別能力。結果表明，在DMSO緩沖液中探針JNPH對Al3+顯示出選擇性熒光增強識別，且具有良好的識別靈敏性。Job曲線顯示探針JNPH與Al3+結合的化學計量比為1∶1。探針JNPH對Al3+的識別不受大多數金屬離子的干擾，檢測Al3+的線性范圍為0~80 μmol/L，檢出限為0.38 μmol/L。探針JNPH具有快速響應識別Al3+的能力，響應時間為60 s。利用1H-NMR研究了探針JNPH對Al3+的識別機理，并結合Job曲線推測了探針JNPH與Al3+的作用模式。
關鍵詞：久洛尼定；鋁離子；熒光探針；性能
中圖分類號：O657.31；X832 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2023）11-1455-06
Synthesis and properties of fluorescent probes based on julolidine for the detection of Al3+
LI Zheng*，PENG Xiaoxia，WANG Shujun，CHEN Yu
College of Chemistry and Materials Science，Langfang Normal University，Langfang 065000，China）
Abstract：An acylhydrazone-based fluorescent probe JNPH derived from julonidine was designed and synthesized，and its structure was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） and high resolution mass spectrometry （HRMS）. The recognition ability of probe JNPH for metal ions in DMSO/Tris-HCl （7∶3，V∶V） buffer system was investigated by fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The results showed that the probe JNPH had an excellent selective and sensitivity recognition for Al3+ with fluorescence enhancement in DMSO buffer solution. Job's curve showed that the stoichiometric ratio between probe JNPH and Al3+ was 1∶1. The recognition of Al3+ by probe JNPH was not interfered by most metal ions. The linear detection range of probe JNPH for Al3+ was 0-80 μmol/L，and the detection limit was 0.38 μmol/L. Probe JNPH had the ability for rapid response to identify Al3+ in 60 s. The sensing mechanism was studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy，and the binding mode between probe JNPH and Al3+ was inferred by combining 1H-NMR with Job's curve.
Keywords：julolidine；Al3+；fluorescent probe；performance
墊料生物質活性炭修飾電極的制備及對多巴胺和尿酸的同步檢測
榮成1，2，黎偉1，李振國1，景蕊1，鄭新宇1，黃彪*2
（1. 福建農林大學生命科學學院，福州 350002；2. 福建農林大學材料工程學院，福州 350002）
摘要：通過堿活化法制備了墊料生物質活性炭（BMAC），元素分析顯示除C外，其還含N，S等雜原子。通過掃描電鏡（SEM）和拉曼光譜等方法對BMAC進行了表征，結果顯示BMAC表面孔道豐富，并呈現一定的石墨化。N2吸-脫附測試顯示BMAC的比表面積為408.43 m2/g，平均孔徑為3.08 nm。將BMAC復合在玻碳電極（GCE）上制備了BMAC/GCE復合電極。多巴胺（DA）和尿酸（UA）在BMAC/GCE上具有獨立的氧化峰，峰電位分別為305 mV和432 mV。在pH 6、BMAC負載量為3 μg時，DA和UA在BMAC/GCE的獨立氧化峰電流達到最強。在0.5~20 μmol/L以及20~200 μmol/L范圍內，DA，UA的峰電流與其濃度均存在2段線性關系，在BMAC/GCE的檢出限均低至0.1 μmol/L。BMAC/GCE具有可靠的重復使用性和抗干擾性，其對實際樣品中DA和UA的加標回收率分別為98.3%~101.1%和98.8%~104.0%，表明BMAC/GCE具有潛在的應用價值。
關鍵詞：墊料；活性炭；多巴胺；尿酸；檢測
中圖分類號：TQ15 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2023）11-1461-07
Preparation and simultaneous detection of dopamine and uric acid by bedding biomaterial activated carbon modified electrode
RONG Cheng1，2，LI Wei1，LI Zhenguo1，JING Rui1，ZHENG Xinyu1，HUANG Biao*2
1. College of Life Science，Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University，Fuzhou 350002，China；2. College of Material Engineering，Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University，Fuzhou 350002，China）
Abstract：The bedding biomaterial activated carbon （BMAC） was prepared through the alkali activation method. Element analysis showed that except C element，there are hybrid atoms such as N，S in BMAC. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Raman spectrum were employed to characterize BMAC，and the results showed abundant pores spread all over BMAC with a certain degree of graphitization. The adsorption-desorption of N2 revealed the pore size was about 3.08 nm and the specified surface area was about 408.43 m2/g for BMAC. The composite electrode of BMAC/GCE was assembled to detect dopamine （DA） and uric acid （UA） by dispensing some BMAC on the surface of the glass carbon electrode （GCE）. The results showed that DA and UA presented independent oxidation peaks on the surface of BMAC/GCE，which reached the maximum at pH 6 and the loading amount of BMAC on GCE of 3 μg. The peak currents of DA and UA had two-stage linear relationships with their concentrations in the ranges of 0.5-20 μmol/L and 20-200 μmol/L，respectively，and the detection limits on BMAC/GCE were all as low as 0.1 μmol/L. BMAC/GCE has reliable reusability and anti-interference，and the adding standard recoveries for real DA and UA samples were 98.3%-101.1% and 98.8%-104.0%，respectively，meaning BMAC/GCE has potential application value.
Keywords：bedding material；activated carbon；dopamine；uric acid；detection
基于穩定一致波長優選的綜纖維素近紅外分析模型傳遞
王紅鴻1，熊智新*1，胡云超1，劉智健1，梁龍2
（1. 南京林業大學輕工與食品學院，南京 210037；2. 中國林業科學研究院林產化學工業研究所，南京 210042）
摘要：以實現紙漿材綜纖維素含量的近紅外分析模型在3臺不同型號光譜儀上共享為目標，提出SWCSS-UVE及SWCSS-CARS聯用算法。即分別利用競爭性自適應重加權采樣算法（CARS）和無信息變量剔除（UVE）算法，減少SWCSS方法中入選的無信息或信息少波長的不利影響，以提高模型轉移精度，并與單獨的SWCSS和分段直接標準化算法（PDS）以及斜率截距（S/B）算法校正后的傳遞結果進行比較。結果表明，通過SWCSS-UVE方法最終可從穩定一致光譜信號中進一步優選出91個波長建立模型，該模型能同時應用于2臺從機所測量光譜的分析，預測標準偏差（RMSEP） 分別從模型轉移前的2.0114和9.4518下降到了1.5919與1.6818，優于SWCSS，SWCSS-CARS和PDS以及S/B算法的結果。這表明SWCSS-UVE算法可以有效剔除SWCSS方法中包含的無效波長，簡化模型傳遞過程，提高模型傳遞效率和穩健性。
關鍵詞：綜纖維素含量；近紅外光譜；穩定一致波長；波長優選；模型傳遞
中圖分類號：O657.3 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2023）11-1468-08
Model transfer for near infrared analysis of holocellulose based on stable and consistent wavelength optimization
WANG Honghong1，XIONG Zhixin*1，HU Yunchao1，LIU Zhijian1，LIANG Long2
1. College of Light Industry and Food，Nanjing Forestry University，Nanjing 210037，China；2. Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products，Chinese Academy of Forestry，Nanjing 210042，China）
Abstract：The combined algorithm of SWCSS-UVE and SWCSS-CARS was proposed to realize the aim of achieving the sharing of the near infrared analysis model of the holocellulose content of pulp material on three different spectral instruments. Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling （CARS） and uninformative variables elimination （UVE） algorithm were used to reduce the adverse effects of wavelengths with no information or less information selected in the SWCSS method to improve model transfer accuracy. The results were compared with the transfer results corrected by the separate SWCSS，the piecewise direct standardization algorithm （PDS） and the slope intercept （S/B） algorithm. And the results showed that the SWCSS-UVE method can finally establish a model by selecting 91 wavelengths from the stable and consistent spectral signal. The method can be applied in the analysis of the spectra measured by the two instruments at the same time. The root mean square error of prediction （RMSEP） dropped from 2.0114 and 9.4518 to 1.5919 and 1.6818 respectively compared to before model transfer，which was superior to the results of SWCSS，SWCSS-CARS，PDS and S/B algorithm. The results showed that the SWCSS-UVE algorithm can effectively eliminate the invalid wavelength contained in the SWCSS method，greatly simplify the model transfer process and improve the efficiency and robustness of the model transfer.
Keywords：holocellulose content；near infrared spectroscopy；stable consistent wavelength；wavelength optimization；model transfer
基于CRISPR-Cas12a與G-四鏈體構建免標記電化學生物傳感器檢測microRNA
史鎧，陳稼軒，李瓊，楊孝容，成英，宋九華*，孫國峰*
（樂山師范學院新能源材料與化學學院，樂山 614000）
摘要：CRISPR-Cas12a是一種功能強大且可編程的分子診斷技術。本文基于CRISPR-Cas12a的附屬切割活性與G-四鏈體/氯化血紅素（Hemin）復合物，設計了一個免標記電化學生物傳感器，實現對miRNA的強特異性檢測。靶標miRNA-21與雙鏈DNA探針上的Toehold區域結合并發生鏈置換反應，置換出雙鏈DNA探針中較短的DNA。置換下來的DNA可以有效地激活CRISPR-Cas12a的附屬切割活性。隨后，具有附屬切割活性的Cas12a切割電極表面上形成G-四鏈體/Hemin的DNA序列，導致電流信號減弱。在最優條件下，電流信號強度變化與10~100 pmol/L范圍內的miRNA-21濃度呈良好的線性關系，檢出限為4.2 pmol/L。該電化學生物傳感器能夠實現對單個堿基突變的miRNA-21或其它miRNA序列特異性識別，并可用于人血清樣本（10%）中miRNA-21的檢測。
關鍵詞：CRISPR-Cas12a；G-四鏈體；免標記；電化學生物傳感器；microRNA
中圖分類號：O657.15 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2023）11-1476-07
A label-free electrochemical biosensor for microRNA detection based on CRISPR-Cas12a and G-quadruplex
SHI Kai，CHEN Jiaxuan，LI Qiong，YANG Xiaorong，CHENG Ying，SONG Jiuhua*，SUN Guofeng*
College of New Energy Materials and Chemistry，Leshan Normal University，Leshan 614000，China）
Abstract：CRISPR-Cas12a is a powerful and programmable molecular diagnostic technology. A highly specific and label-free biosensor herein was presented for electrochemical detection of miRNA based on the trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR-Cas12a and the complex of the G-quadruplex/Hemin. The target miRNA-21 binds to the toehold region of the duplex DNA and initiates strand displacement reaction to replace the short DNA of the duplex DNA. The replaced DNA can effectively activate the trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR-Cas12a. Subsequently，the G-quadruplex/Hemin DNA sequence is cleaved by activated CRISPR-Cas12a，leading to the current signal decrease. Under the optimal conditions，the electrochemical biosensor can detect target miRNA-21 in a linear range of 10 to 100 pmol/L with the limit of detection lower to 4.2 pmol/L. The developed biosensor has the ability to differentiate even a single-base mismatched sequence on the miRNA-21 or other miRNAs，and can be used to detect miRNA-21 in human serum samples.
Keywords：CRISPR-Cas12a；G-quadruplex；label-free；electrochemical biosensor；microRNA
基于熒光共振能量轉移的核酸適配體傳感器檢測環丙沙星
李濱汐1，2，王婷1，2，王安琪1，2，王雪1，2，錢美汝1，2，朱詠莉1，2，李胎花*1，2
（1. 南京林業大學生物與環境學院南方現代林業協同創新中心，南京 210037；2. 江蘇洪澤湖濕地生態系統國家定位觀測研究站，洪澤 223100）
摘要：建立了一種基于熒光共振能量轉移（FRET）的核酸適配體傳感器，并用于檢測實際水體和牛奶中的環丙沙星（CIP）。為了防止羧基熒光素（FAM）被CIP猝滅，FAM和四甲基羅丹明（TAMRA）分別標記在互補單鏈DNA（FAM-cDNA）和適配體（TAMRA-APT），通過DNA雜交發生FRET，TAMRA有效猝滅FAM的熒光。CIP加入后，其與FAM-cDNA發生親和力競爭反應，CIP與TAMRA-APT形成結構更穩定的CIP/TAMRA-APT復合物，使體系FAM的熒光恢復。在優化條件下，本方法對CIP表現出高靈敏度和高選擇性，檢測濃度線性范圍為0.01~1 μmol/L，檢出限為6 nmol/L；對實際水樣和牛奶的加標回收率為90.4%~113.2%，相對標準偏差為1.8%~11%。該熒光適配體傳感器具有成本低、靈敏度高、特異性好等優點，在環境中CIP殘留快速檢測方面具有良好的應用潛力。
關鍵詞：適配體傳感器；環丙沙星；氟喹諾酮類抗生素；熒光共振能量轉移；熒光猝滅
中圖分類號：X52；X56 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2023）11-1483-06
A fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based aptasensor for the detection of ciprofloxacin
LI Binxi1，2，WANG Ting1，2，WANG Anqi1，2，WANG Xue1，2，QIAN Meiru1，2，ZHU Yongli1，2，LI Taihua*1，2
1. Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China，College of Biology and the Environment，Nanjing Forestry University，Nanjing 210037，China；2.National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province，Hongze 223100，China）
Abstract：A fluorescence resonance energy transfer （FRET）-based aptasensor was established for the detection of ciprofloxacin （CIP） in water and milk. The fluorescence of carboxyfluorescein （FAM）could be effectively quenched by tetramethylrhodamine（TAMRA） based on the FRET occurred by the hybridization of TAMRA-labeled aptamer （TAMRA-APT） with fluorescein-labeled complementary DNA （FAM-cDNA）. However，CIP could compete with FAM-cDNA in affinity，which means after its addition to form a more stable CIP/TAMRA-APT complex with TAMRA-APT，FAM-cDNA was released，leading to the fluorescence of FAM system recovered. As a result，the aptasensor showed high sensitivity and selectivity for CIP detection. Under the optimal conditions，the linear range of CIP concentrations for the method was 0.01-1 μmol/L，and the detection limit was 6 nmol/L. Furthermore，the recoveries of the spiked water and milk samples were 90.4%-113.2%，and the relative standard deviations （RSDs） were 1.8%-11%. The fluorescent aptasensor，with low cost，high sensitivity and specificity，has good application potential in the rapid detection of CIP residues in the environment.
Keywords：aptasensor；ciprofloxacin；fluoroquinolones；fluorescence resonance energy transfer；fluorescence quenching
時間分辨熒光免疫層析法檢測青海牦牛肉中磺胺類藥物殘留
黃文穎1，張沛1，潘麗貞1，趙維章1，張正英1，秦譽2，馬立才2，張立成*1
（1. 青海省動植物檢疫站，西寧 810099；2. 北京維德維康生物技術有限公司，北京 100095）
摘要：以羧基化銪微球作為熒光標記物，將磺胺類藥物抗原和羊抗鼠免疫球蛋白分別包被于硝酸纖維素（NC）膜上得到檢測線T和控制線C，制備了免疫層析試紙條。依據T線與C線熒光信號值的比值（T/C）以及樣品中磺胺類藥物的濃度含量建立定量標準曲線。結果表明，該方法檢測的牦牛肉定量限均低于2 μg/kg，樣品的添加回收率在90%~115%，其中批內離散系數均低于10%、批間離散系數均低于13%。通過對盲樣的測定，本法結果和儀器法結果符合率為100%。
關鍵詞：牦牛肉；時間分辨熒光免疫分析（TRFIA）；磺胺類藥物殘留；食品安全
中圖分類號：O657.31；X832 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2023）11-1489-05
Detection of sulfonamides residues by time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatography in yak meat
HUANG Wenying1，ZHANG Pei1，PAN Lizhen1，ZHAO Weizhang1，ZHANG Zhengying1，QIN Yu2，MA Licai2，ZHANG Licheng*1
1. Animals and Plants Quarantine Station of Qinghai Province，Xining 810099，China；2. Beijing WDWK Biotechnology Co.，Ltd.，Beijing 100095，China）
Abstract：Using carboxylated europium microspheres as fluorescent markers，sulfamethazine antigen and goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin were coated on nitrocellulose （NC） membrane，which were marked as detection line T and control line C，respectively，to make immunochromatographic strips. According to the ratio of the fluorescence signal value of T line and C line （T/C） and the concentration of sulfonamides in the sample，a quantitative standard curve was established. The results showed that the limit of quantification of yak meat detected by this method was less than 2 μg/kg，and the recoveries of all samples were between 90% and 115%. The intra-assay relative standard deviations （RSDs） were less than 10% and the inter-assay RSDs were less than 13%. Through the determination of blind samples，the consistence rate between this method and the instrument method was 100%.
Keywords：yak meat；time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatography（TRFIA）；sulfonamide residues；food safety
尿液中新型合成大麻素及其代謝物的檢驗研究
古錕山1，王繼芬*1，張瑛*2，覃仕揚2，張文芳2
（1. 中國人民公安大學偵查學院，北京 100038；2. 北京市公安司法鑒定中心，法庭毒物分析公安部重點實驗室，北京 100192）
摘要：利用液相色譜-高分辨質譜（LC-HRMS）建立了尿液中3種新型合成大麻素及5種代謝物的快速檢驗方法。前處理分別采用沉淀蛋白和固相萃取2種方法，選用Thermo Hypersil GOLD C18（100 mm×2.1 mm，1.9 μm）色譜柱進行分離，以含10 mmol/L甲酸銨的0.1%甲酸水溶液和含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液進行梯度洗脫；采用正離子掃描模式，一級質譜全掃描/數據依賴二級質譜掃描（Full MS/dd-MS2）進行檢測。結果表明，沉淀蛋白法檢出限為1~3 ng/mL，定量限為2~5 ng/mL，固相萃取法檢出限為0.1~1 ng/mL，定量限為0.5~2 ng/mL，回收率為76.5%~91.7%，基質效應范圍為77.6%~97.3%，日內日間相對標準偏差均小于12%。將建立的方法用于檢驗疑似合成大麻素吸食者的尿液檢材并檢出了目標物，表明所建立的方法可應用于公安機關對實際案件的檢驗。
關鍵詞：新型合成大麻素；液相色譜-高分辨質譜技術；沉淀蛋白法；固相萃取法
中圖分類號：O657.63；O657.7 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2023）11-1494-08
Study on the detection of novel synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites in urine
GU Kunshan1，WANG Jifen*1，ZHANG Ying*2，QIN Shiyang2，ZHANG Wenfang2
1. School of Investigation，People’s Public Security University of China，Beijing 100038，China；2. Forensic Science Service of Beijing Public Security Bureau，Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology，Ministry of Public Security，Beijing 100192，China）
Abstract：A rapid method for the detection of three novel synthetic cannabinoids and five metabolites in urine was established using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry （LC-HRMS）. Two pretreatment methods including precipitated protein and solid phase extraction were investigated. Thermo Hypersil GOLD C18 （100 mm×2.1 mm，1.9 μm） column was selected for the separation，and the gradient elution was performed with aqueous 0.1% formic acid solution containing 10 mmol/L ammonium formate and methanolic solution containing 0.1% formic acid. The positive ion scan mode with primary mass spectrometry full scan/data-dependent secondary mass spectrometry scan （Full MS/dd-MS2） was used for the detection. The limits of detection were 1-3 ng/mL and the limits of quantification were 2-5 ng/mL for the precipitated protein method. The limits of detection were 0.1-1 ng/mL and 0.5-2 ng/mL for the solid phase extraction method. Besides，the recoveries were between 76.5%-91.7%，the matrix effects were 77.6%-97.3%，and the relative standard deviations of the intra-day and inter-day were less than 12%，indicating that this method can be applied to the practical testing.
Keywords：novel synthetic cannabinoids；liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry （LC-HRMS）；protein precipitation；solid-phase extraction
超高效液相色譜-串聯質譜法測定注射用頭孢曲松鈉中2-巰基苯并噻唑的含量
魏永濤1，崔玉玲1，林娣2，張紅梅1，王桂英1，張秋紅*1
（1. 濟南市食品藥品檢驗檢測中心，濟南?250101；2. 山東福瑞達生物股份有限公司，濟南?250101）
摘要：建立了一種超高效液相色譜-串聯質譜法（UPLC-MS/MS）測定注射用頭孢曲松鈉中2-巰基苯并噻唑（MBT）基因毒性雜質含量。樣品經甲醇提取，50%（V/V）乙腈稀釋后，采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色譜柱（2.1 mm×100 mm，1.8 μm）分離，乙腈-0.05%（V/V）乙酸（80∶20，V/V）為流動相，電噴霧離子源（ESI），多反應監測（MRM）負離子模式掃描，外標法定量。MBT在0.11~10.92 ng/mL范圍內線性關系良好（r2=0.9989），檢出限為0.03 ng/mL，定量限為0.08 ng/mL，平均回收率為96.8%，相對標準偏差（RSD）不大于3.5%。采用該方法檢測抽檢的14個廠家63批次樣品中MBT雜質含量，59批次樣品中有MBT檢出。該方法適用于注射用頭孢曲松鈉中MBT的定性和定量分析。
關鍵詞：注射用頭孢曲松鈉；2-巰基苯并噻唑；基因毒性雜質；超高效液相色譜-串聯質譜法（UPLC-MS/MS）
中圖分類號：R917 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2023）11-1502-06
Determination of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole in ceftriaxone sodium for injection by UPLC-MS/MS
WEI Yongtao1，CUI Yuling1，LIN Di2，ZHANG Hongmei1，WANG Guiying1，ZHANG Qiuhong*1
1. Jinan City Institute for Food and Drug Control，Jinan 250101，China；2. Shandong Freda Biotech Co.，Ltd.，Jinan 250101，China）
Abstract：An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） method was established for the determination of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole （MBT），a genotoxic impurity，in ceftriaxone sodium for injection. The extracts by methanol were dissolved and diluted with 50%（V/V） acetonitrile. The chromatographic separation was conducted on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column （2.1 mm×100 mm，1.8 μm）. The mobile phase was acetonitrile and water containing 0.05%（V/V） acetic acid with the proportion of 80∶20 （V/V）. The electrospray ionization （ESI） source in negative mode and multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） were used for the detection of MBT，and external standard method for quantitative analysis. The results showed that the proposed standard curve of MBT was linear in the range of 0.11-10.92 ng/mL，and the correlation coefficient （r2） was 0.9989. The limit of detection （LOD） was 0.03 ng/mL，and the limit of quantification （LOQ） was 0.08 ng/mL. The average recovery was 96.8%，and the relative standard deviation （RSD） was no higher than 3.5%. Samples of 63 batches from 14 pharmaceutical manufacturers were determined by this method，and MBTs were found in 59 batches. This method can be applied for the confirmation and detection of MBT in ceftriaxone sodium for injection.
Keywords：ceftriaxone sodium for injection；2-mercaptobenzothiazole；genotoxic impurity；ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）
基于氮摻雜碳量子點熒光探針檢測谷胱甘肽
朱振茂1，嚴大鵬1，黃澤華1，鐘曉嵐1，沈赟*2
（1. 復旦大學附屬中山醫院廈門醫院藥劑科，廈門 361015；2. 復旦大學附屬中山醫院藥劑科，上海 200032）
摘要：以水楊酸和乙二胺為原料，采用一步水熱法合成了綠色熒光的氮摻雜碳量子點（N-CDs）。采用透射電子顯微鏡（TEM）、紅外吸收光譜（FT-IR）、熒光光譜等對N-CDs進行了表征。由于從N-CDs到MnO2納米片的熒光共振能量轉移（FRET），N-CDs的熒光可以被MnO2納米片猝滅。然而，谷胱甘肽（GSH）的存在會使MnO2納米片還原為Mn2+，從而導致熒光信號的充分恢復。基于上述原理，建立了一種檢測GSH的方法，其線性范圍為0.1~130 μmol/L，檢出限為0.089 μmol/L。此外，N-CDs顯示出低細胞毒性，已成功用于人肝癌細胞（HepG2）中的GSH成像。
關鍵詞：氮摻雜碳量子點；熒光探針；谷胱甘肽
中圖分類號：O657.3 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2023）11-1508-08
Detection of glutathione based on nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a fluorescence probe
ZHU Zhenmao1，YAN Dapeng1，HUANG Zehua1，ZHONG Xiaolan1，SHEN Yun*2
1. Department of Pharmacy，Zhongshan Hospital，Fudan University（Xiamen Branch），Xiamen 361015，China；2. Department of Pharmacy，Zhongshan Hospital，Fudan University，Shanghai 200032，China）
Abstract：The green fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots （N-CDs） were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method using salicylic acid and ethylenediamine as raw materials. The synthesized N-CDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM），Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR），and fluorescence spectroscopy. Due to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer （FRET） from N-CDs to the MnO2 nanosheets，the fluorescence of N-CDs can be quenched by MnO2 nanosheets. However，the presence of glutathione （GSH） would reduce MnO2 nanosheets to Mn2+，resulting in sufficient recovery of fluorescent signal. Based on the above principle，a method was established to detect GSH with the linear range of 0.1-130 μmol/L and the limit of detection of 0.089 μmol/L. In addition，the N-CDs displayed low cytotoxicity and had been successfully used to image GSH in HepG2 cells.
Keywords：nitrogen-doped carbon dots；fluorescence probe；glutathione
超高效液相色譜-串聯質譜法測定果蔬中雙胍三辛烷基苯磺酸鹽殘留量
辛若竹1，丁梅1，李志遠2，石金娥*3
（1. 梅河口市食品藥品檢驗檢測中心，梅河口 135000；2. 上海愛博才思分析儀器貿易有限公司，上海 100015；3. 梧州學院食品與制藥工程學院，梧州 543000）
摘要：建立了超高效液相色譜-串聯質譜法測定水果蔬菜中雙胍三辛烷基苯磺酸鹽殘留量。選擇沃柑、橘子、橙子、蘋果、西瓜、葡萄、番茄、黃瓜為樣品，用25%（V/V）丙酮溶液（含1%（V/V）甲酸）提取，上清液用50%（V/V）甲醇溶液（含0.5%（V/V）甲酸）稀釋后分析。以Kinetex 2.6 μm Biphenyl 10 nm色譜柱（100 mm×3.0 mm）為分析柱，5 mmoL/L甲酸銨水溶液（含0.1%（V/V）甲酸）和0.1%（V/V）甲酸甲醇為流動相梯度洗脫，電噴霧離子源正離子多反應監測（MRM）模式下，以雙胍辛胺的雙電荷加合離子［M+2H］2+ m/z：178.7為母離子，與其子離子m/z：157.8，187.3，280.5組建MRM離子對進行檢測，基質匹配外標法定量。結果表明，雙胍三辛烷基苯磺酸鹽在0.1~100.0 ng/mL范圍內呈良好的線性關系，相關系數（r）均大于0.999；平均回收率在72.2%~109.5%之間，相對標準偏差為1.3%~17%；方法檢出限2 μg/kg，定量限4 μg/kg。方法可用于果蔬中雙胍三辛烷基苯磺酸鹽殘留量的測定。
關鍵詞：雙胍三辛烷基苯磺酸鹽；雙胍辛胺；果蔬；超高效液相色譜-串聯質譜法
中圖分類號：O657.63 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2023）11-1516-06
Determination of iminoctadine tris（albesilate） residues in fruits and vegetables by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
XIN Ruozhu1，DING Mei1，LI Zhiyuan2，SHI Jin'e*3
1. Meihekou Center for Food and Drug Control ，Meihekou 135000，China；2. Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co.，Ltd.，Shanghai 100015，China；3. College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering，Wuzhou University，Wuzhou 543000，China）
Abstract：A method was established for the determination of iminoctadine tris（albesilate） residues in fruits and vegetables by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Citrus，tangerine，orange，apple，watermelon，grape，tomato and cucumber were selected as analytical samples. The samples were extracted with 25%（V/V） acetone solution （containing 1%（V/V） formic acid）. The supernatant was diluted 10 times with 50%（V/V） methanol solution （containing 0.5%（V/V） formic acid） and analyzed. Kinetex 2.6 μm Biphenyl 10 nm column （100 mm×3.0 mm） was used as the analytical column. The mobile phase was consisted of 5 mmoL/L ammonium formate solution （containing 0.1%（V/V）formic acid） and 0.1%（V/V） formic acid methanol. The electrospray ionization source was operated in the positive ion mode under multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode. The double charge adduct ion［M+2H］2+ of guanoctine with m/z of 178.7 as the parent ion，and its daughter ions with m/z of 157.8，187.3 and 280.5 were used to form MRM ion pairs for detection. The matrix-matched external standard method was used for quantification. The results showed that there was a good linear relationship of iminoctadine tris（albesilate） in the range of 0.1-100.0 ng/mL，and the correlation coefficient （r） was greater than 0.999. The average recoveries were 72.2%-109.5%，and the relative standard deviations were 1.3%-17%. The detection limit was 2 μg/kg，and the quantitation limit was 4 μg/kg. The method can be used for the determination of iminoctadine tris（albesilate） residues in fruits and vegetables.
Keywords：iminoctadine tris（albesilate）；guanoctine；fruit and vegetables；ultra high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry
食品中違禁色素的電化學傳感技術研究進展
向棟林，吳巧靈，邱樹毅，陶菡*
（貴州大學釀酒與食品工程學院，貴州省發酵工程與生物制藥重點實驗室，貴陽 550025）
摘要：食品中違禁色素對人體有致癌、基因毒性和細胞毒性等不良作用。因此開發準確、靈敏的違禁色素檢測技術具有重要意義。相比其他檢測技術，電化學傳感技術具有成本低、操作簡便、快速和靈敏的優點，而且可以發展成便攜式儀器進行及時有效的現場檢測。通過與納米技術結合，近年來食品中違禁色素的電化學檢測取得了很大進展。本文總結了食品中違禁色素的電化學傳感技術的發展，重點綜述了近5年納米材料基電化學傳感技術的研究進展，并討論了該技術目前存在的問題和未來的發展趨勢。
關鍵詞：食品；違禁色素；電化學；傳感技術；納米材料
中圖分類號：O657.1；X832 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2023）11-1522-10
Research progress in electrochemical sensing technology for illegal dyes in food
XIANG Donglin，WU Qiaoling，QIU Shuyi，TAO Han*
School of Liquor and Food Engineering，Guizhou University，Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy of Guizhou Province，Guiyang 550025，China）
Abstract：Banned dyes in food has adverse effects such as carcinogenicity，genotoxicity and cytotoxicity on humans. Therefore，it is important to develop accurate and sensitive detection technologies for illegal dyes. Compared with other detection technologies，electrochemical sensing technology has the advantages of low cost，simple and high sensitivity. More importantly，it can be developed into portable apparatus for on-site detection more timely and effectively. The electrochemical detection of illegal dyes in food has made great progress in recent years through the combination of nanotechnology and electrochemical technology. This paper summarized the development of electrochemical sensing technology for the detection of illegal dyes in food，reviewed the latest research progress of nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensing technology in the past five years，and discussed the shortcomings and future development trends of the technology.
Keywords：food；illegal dyes；electrochemistry；sensing techniques；nanomaterials
柱芳烴納米材料的制備及在傳感中的研究進展
吳銳1，劉家欽2，陶俞辛1，冉淑琴1，陳玉雪1，潘雯1，陳元1，譚曉平*1，3
（1. 長江師范學院化學化工學院，涪陵 408100；2. 昆明醫科大學第二附屬醫院，昆明 650106；3. 重慶幼兒師范高等專科學校，萬州 404047）
摘要：利用超分子大環構建多功能納米材料引起了人們的廣泛關注。柱芳烴作為新一代超分子大環主體，其合成及應用尤為重要，易于功能化和內部空腔可調的電子特性，使得它們能夠結合多種客體分子，通過非共價相互作用選擇性地與金屬離子絡合，從而獲得優異的特性和功能。本文概述了柱芳烴納米材料在電化學和熒光傳感中的應用研究進展，對當前柱芳烴合成過程中存在的問題及柱芳烴納米材料的發展方向進行了討論與展望。
關鍵詞：柱芳烴；主客體識別；多功能納米材料；傳感
中圖分類號：O656 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2023）11-1532-08
Research progress on the preparation of pillar［n］arenes nanomaterials and their application in sensing
WU Rui1，LIU Jiaqin2，TAO Yuxin1，RAN Shuqin1，CHEN Yuxue1，PAN Wen1，CHEN Yuan1，TAN Xiaoping*1，3
1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Yangtze Normal University，Fuling 408100，China；2. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University，Kunming 650106，China；3. Chongqing Preschool Education College，Wanzhou 404047，China）
Abstract：The use of supramolecular macrocycles to construct multifunctional nanomaterials has attracted extensive attentions. As a new developing family of macrocyclic hosts，the synthesis and application of pillar［n］arenes are particularly important. The electronic characteristics of easy functionalization and adjustable internal cavities enable them to bind with a variety of guest molecules and to selectively complex with metal ions through non-covalent interactions，thereby endow them with excellent properties and functions. This review summarizes the research progress in the preparation of pillar［n］arene-based nanomaterials and their applications in sensing. The problems existing in the synthesis of pillar［n］arene are discussed，and the direction of research and development is prospected.
Keywords：pillar［n］arenes；host-guest recognition；multifunctional nanomaterials；sensing
熒光碳點在分析傳感中的應用進展
張蕾，王婷，張正偉*
（重慶醫科大學藥學院，重慶 400016）
摘要：熒光碳點（CDs）是2004年發現的一種新型碳基納米材料，呈球形、粒徑在2~10 nm左右，具有優異的熒光性能、易于功能化修飾、抗光漂白性強、環境危害低、生物相容性好以及合成原料來源豐富等特點，被認為是有機熒光染料和半導體量子點的最佳替代品，在光電學、光催化、化學傳感和生物成像等領域有著廣闊的應用前景。本文主要介紹了CDs作為化學傳感器的熒光檢測機制，重點總結了近年來CDs在離子、有機小分子以及生物大分子檢測等方面的應用，以期為熒光納米探針的設計與應用提供理論和研究依據。
關鍵詞：熒光碳點；檢測機制；分析檢測；傳感器
中圖分類號：O657.31；X832 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2023）11-1540-12
Recent progress of fluorescent carbon dots in analytical applications
ZHANG Lei，WANG Ting，ZHANG Zhengwei*
College of Pharmacy，Chongqing Medical University，Chongqing 400016，China）
Abstract：Fluorescent carbon dots （CDs），first discovered in 2004，are a new type of carbon-based nanomaterials with spherical shape and particle size in the range of 2-10 nm. They are considered to be the best substitutes for organic fluorescent dyes and semiconductor quantum dots owning to their excellent fluorescence properties，easy functionalization，strong photobleaching resistance，low environmental toxicity，good biocompatibility，and abundant synthetic raw materials. They have broad application prospects in the fields of optoelectronics，photocatalysis，chemical sensing and biological imaging. This paper mainly introduces the fluorescence detection mechanism of CDs as chemical sensors，and focuses on the recent progress of CDs in analytical applications including ions，organic small molecules，and biological macromolecules. It is expected to provide theoretical and research basis for the design and application of fluorescent nanoprobes.
Keywords：fluorescent carbon dots；detection mechanism；analytical detection；sensor
C反應蛋白電化學免疫傳感器的研究進展
劉淑媛，李凱文，王星皓，李嶄虹，王子峰，朱志剛*
（上海理工大學健康科學與工程學院，上海 200093）
摘要：C反應蛋白（CRP）是炎癥、心血管、冠心病以及敗血癥等疾病的臨床生物標志物，經常用于評估和監測多種疾病，具有重要的臨床意義。電化學免疫傳感器具有多功能性、操作簡單、成本低以及體積小等特性，已經廣泛應用于臨床診斷、環境檢測、制藥工程等領域?；诳贵w和適配體2種生物識別元件，分析了這2類電化學免疫傳感器的優缺點，概述了其在檢測CRP中的研究進展，并展望了CRP電化學免疫傳感器的研究方向。
關鍵詞：C反應蛋白；電化學；免疫傳感器；抗體；適配體
中圖分類號：O646 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-0720（2023）11-1552-11
Research progress of C-reactive protein electrochemical immunosensor
LIU Shuyuan，LI Kaiwen，WANG Xinghao，LI Zhanhong，WANG Zifeng，ZHU Zhigang*
College of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering，University of Shanghai for Science and Technology，Shanghai 200093，China）
Abstract：C-reactive protein （CRP） is a clinical biomarker of inflammation，cardiovascular disease，coronary heart disease，sepsis and other diseases. It is often used to evaluate and monitor a variety of diseases，and has important clinical significance. Electrochemical sensors have been widely used in clinical diagnosis，environmental detection，pharmaceutical engineering and other fields because of their versatility，simple operation，low cost and small volume. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of two kinds of electrochemical immunosensors based on antibody and aptamer recognition respectively，summarizes their research progress in detecting CRP，and prospects the research direction of CRP electrochemical immunosensor in the future.
Keywords：C-reactive protein；electrochemistry；immunosensor；antibody；aptamer
